1. General Tax Disclosures and User Responsibilities

All informational content provided by Truvius—including FAQs, reports, and platform tools—is intended for general informational purposes only and should not be interpreted as legal, tax, or investment advice.

Users bear full responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of their tax reporting, including the reconciliation of any external trading activity and self-reported information. Truvius disclaims all liability arising from reporting errors attributable to incorrect or incomplete data provided by the user.

Transactions conducted outside of the Truvius platform are not tracked and must be aggregated by the user to ensure comprehensive tax reporting. The tax treatment of digital assets remains subject to ongoing regulatory developments. While Truvius makes every effort to remain aligned with current guidance, it cannot guarantee future compliance due to the evolving nature of tax regulations.

Use of Truvius’s tax tools does not establish a fiduciary relationship unless explicitly defined in a separate, formal advisory agreement. Users are strongly encouraged to consult a qualified tax professional to ensure compliance with all relevant obligations and to determine the appropriateness of platform tools in the context of their individual financial situations.

Truvius is not a tax advisor.

2. Tax-Loss Harvesting (TLH) Overview

Truvius offers an automated Tax-Loss Harvesting (TLH) feature, designed to assist clients in managing the tax implications associated with digital asset investments. This feature may be enabled by default for eligible portfolios, though users may choose to opt out at any time via their account settings.

Tax-loss harvesting is a recognized strategy that seeks to reduce tax liabilities by realizing losses on assets currently trading below their acquisition price. These realized losses may be used to offset capital gains, and in some cases, ordinary income. To help preserve overall portfolio exposure, Truvius implements rebalancing across similar digital assets following the realization of a loss.

It is important to understand several key considerations when utilizing this feature. First, there is no guaranteed tax benefit. The effectiveness of TLH is highly dependent on the individual’s unique tax situation and may not reduce overall tax liability. In some cases, TLH may increase future tax exposure, particularly if market conditions or applicable tax rates change.

Given the volatility inherent in digital asset markets, harvesting opportunities may occur frequently, potentially resulting in increased trading volume and its corresponding impact on long-term portfolio performance. Additionally, the IRS wash sale rule—which typically disallows the immediate repurchase of an asset sold at a loss—does not currently apply to cryptocurrency transactions. This exemption, however, may be subject to change based on future regulatory developments.

Accurate cost basis reporting is essential. Users who deposit digital assets into their Truvius account are required to provide original purchase details. Inaccurate or incomplete cost basis information may lead to incorrect tax reporting or missed harvesting opportunities.

The TLH feature is intended as a general-purpose automated tool and does not constitute personalized tax advice. Users remain responsible for ensuring accurate tax reporting and are strongly advised to consult a qualified tax advisor to determine whether TLH is appropriate for their specific circumstances. Notably, TLH does not apply to assets held in tax-advantaged accounts (e.g., IRAs), even if such accounts are viewable through the Truvius platform. Additionally, activity occurring outside the platform is not monitored by Truvius and may impact the overall effectiveness of the TLH feature.

As tax laws and regulatory guidance evolve, Truvius may update or discontinue TLH functionality to maintain compliance. Any material changes will be communicated to users through the platform.

3. Automated TLH Feature

The automated TLH feature is designed to enhance tax efficiency through the systematic realization of investment losses. However, users are strongly advised to review all relevant feature details and consult a tax advisor to assess suitability based on their specific financial circumstances.

The effectiveness of TLH is not guaranteed and may be influenced by factors such as future income, capital gains, and changes in tax rates. Due to the volatility of the cryptocurrency market, TLH may trigger frequent transactions, which can have implications for portfolio performance.

As of this writing, the IRS wash sale rule does not apply to digital assets, permitting users to repurchase the same asset shortly after realizing a loss. This regulatory status may change and should be monitored closely. Accurate cost basis information remains essential, particularly for deposited assets, where users are responsible for providing complete acquisition data.

The TLH feature is not applicable to tax-advantaged accounts, including but not limited to IRAs. Additionally, Truvius cannot monitor trading activity conducted outside of its platform, and such activity may influence the effectiveness of automated TLH strategies.

Truvius reserves the right to modify or discontinue the TLH feature as necessary to comply with evolving tax laws. Any substantive updates will be communicated in a timely manner through the platform.

4. Tax Responsibility

By utilizing Truvius’s tools and services, users affirm their responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of all information provided, including any tax-related data. Truvius does not provide tax advice, legal counsel, or financial planning services.

The tax treatment of digital assets may vary depending on jurisdiction, individual financial circumstances, and applicable regulatory developments. Users are responsible for monitoring these factors and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws.

Truvius strongly recommends that users engage a qualified tax professional to ensure accurate and compliant tax reporting. For additional information regarding Truvius features and services, please visit truvius.io.

5. Cost Basis Disclosure

The information provided by Truvius is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute tax, legal, or investment advice. Truvius does not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of any cost basis information provided by users and is not responsible for verifying the accuracy of data related to crypto assets deposited from external wallets or third-party platforms.

Users are solely responsible for reporting accurate cost basis information for crypto deposits, including acquisition date, quantity, and original purchase price. Inaccurate or incomplete cost basis data may result in incorrect gain/loss reporting, potentially affecting tax filings and the accuracy of any automated tax-loss harvesting performed by Truvius.

While Truvius and its custodial partners calculate cost basis for on-platform transactions, deposits from outside sources require self-reporting. Any tax calculations or outcomes based on user-provided inputs are contingent upon the reliability of that data.

Digital asset taxation and cost basis regulations remain subject to change and interpretation by tax authorities. Truvius complies with current IRS guidance and applicable industry practices but does not guarantee continued compliance with future regulatory developments.

Users are encouraged to consult with a qualified tax advisor to understand how cost basis reporting impacts their individual financial circumstances and to ensure all required tax obligations are met.

6. Account Types

Retirement Account

A Retirement Account is designed to help you save and invest for the future while offering tax advantages. This category includes accounts such as Traditional Individual Retirement Accounts and Roth Individual Retirement Accounts, as more fully described below.

These accounts are subject to annual contribution limits and specific rules regarding withdrawals. Distributions taken before age 59½ may trigger taxes and penalties, unless certain exceptions apply. Depending on the account type, you may benefit from tax-deferred growth or tax-free withdrawals in retirement. The appropriate account type depends on factors including your income, tax status and long-term financial goals.

For more information, refer to IRS.gov.

What is a Roth Individual Retirement Account (“Roth IRA”)?

A Roth IRA is a retirement account funded with after-tax dollars, meaning contributions are not tax-deductible. Qualified withdrawals and investment earnings are tax-free in retirement, provided certain conditions are met. Contributions can be withdrawn at any time without taxes or penalties.

Earnings become eligible for tax-free withdrawal once the account has been open for at least five taxable years and the account holder is age 59½ or older. Early withdrawals of earnings may be subject to taxes and penalties, unless an exception applies, such as for a first-time home purchase (up to $10,000 lifetime), disability or death.

In 2025, contribution limits are $7,000 if you are under 50, or $8,000 for those 50 and older (including a $1,000 catch up contribution). Eligibility depends on United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) income limits:

• Single filers: Phase out begins at $150,000 and ends at $165,000.

• Married filing jointly: Phase-out begins at $236,000 and ends at $246,000.

• Married filing separately: Phase-out remains $0-$10,000.

Roth IRAs are not subject to required minimum distributions (“RMDs”) during the original account owner’s lifetime, allowing for greater flexibility in long-term retirement planning.

For more information, refer to IRS.gov.

What is a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (“Traditional IRA”)?

A Traditional IRA allows contributions from either pre-tax or after-tax income. Depending on your income level and whether you participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan, your contributions may be fully or partially tax-deductible. Earnings within the account grow tax-deferred and withdrawals in retirement are taxed as ordinary income.

Distributions before age 59½ are generally subject to ordinary income tax and may incur a 10% early withdrawal penalty, unless an exception applies. RMDs are required to begin after age 73, even if you do not need the funds. 

For 2025, the annual contribution limit is $7,000 if you're under age 50, or $8,000 if you are age 50 or older, provided you (or your spouse, if filing jointly) have earned income. While there are no income limits to contribute to a Traditional IRA, the deductibility of contributions may be reduced or eliminated based on income and participation in an employer plan:

• Single, covered by a retirement plan: Deduction phases out between $79,000-$89,000.

• Married filing jointly, contributor covered: $126,000-$146,000.

• Married filing jointly, contributor not covered but spouse is: $236,000-$246,000.

• Married filing separately: Phase-out remains $0-$10,000.

For more information, refer to IRS.gov.

Individual Taxable Account

An Individual Taxable Account is a standard investment account owned by one person. There are no contribution limits, no income restrictions and no penalties for withdrawing funds at any time. While this type of account does not offer the tax advantages available in retirement accounts, it provides maximum investment flexibility.

Any interest, dividends or capital gains earned in the account may be subject to taxes in the year they are realized. You may buy and sell investments at your discretion, but taxes may apply when assets are sold for a gain. This type of account is ideal for both long and short investment goals.

For more information, refer to IRS.gov.

Joint Taxable Account

A Joint Taxable Account is similar to an Individual Taxable Account, but shared between two people, typically spouses or partners. Both account owners have equal ownership and control over the assets in the account. Like Individual Taxable Accounts, there are no contribution limits or withdrawal restrictions.

Earnings in a Joint Taxable Account, such as interest, dividends and capital gains, may be taxable and both account owners may be responsible for reporting income. In most cases, if one account owner passes away, the surviving account owner retains full control of the account. This account type is commonly used for shared financial goals and simplified estate planning.

For more information, refer to IRS.gov.

Custodial Account

A Custodial Account is an investment account opened by an adult (the custodian) for the benefit of a minor or an individual unable to manage their own finances (the beneficiary). The custodian controls the account until the beneficiary reaches the legal age of majority, which varies by state, usually 18 or 21, or until court-appointed authority ends.

Custodial Accounts are funded with after-tax dollars and have no contribution limits. Earnings such as interest, dividends or capital gains may be subject to tax, often at the beneficiary’s tax rate. Once the beneficiary reaches the age of majority, they gain full legal control of the account and can use the funds for any purpose. Custodial Accounts are commonly used to save for future needs like education, but funds are not restricted to specific uses.

For more information, refer to IRS.gov.